Evaluation of Fertility and Calving Ease of Small Holder Indigenous Cattle Herds in Semi-Arid Zone of Nigeria

This study had the objective of determining the fertility and calving ease of small holder indigenous cattle herds inseminated with imported semen from proven sires. Sixty one indigenous cows of different breed origin (Bunaji, Sokoto Gudali and Rahaji) were selected from different herds across Jigawa state-Nigeria, and were used for this study. The selected dams were inseminated with semen from proven bulls of three exotic breed origin (Holstein-Friesian, Brown Swiss and Gwuzera) using artificial insemination technique. Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted by rectal palpation 40 days after insemination to ascertain the pregnant ones; those that were not pregnant were re-synchronized and inseminated. The number of inseminations per cow per conception was recorded.Calving ease was evaluated and coded in two classes; 1 (unassisted calving) and 2 (assisted calving) while calf survival was 0 if the calf died within 24 hours from birth and 1 otherwise. The results showed that 54% of the cows had normal calving while 46% were assisted. Amongst the assisted calving, 89% of the calves survived while 11% died. The age, parity and dam body condition had significant effect (P0.05) effect on the number of insemination per conception but significantly influenced gestation length. Dam breed origin significantly (P